Quotulatiousness

October 31, 2020

Atun-Shei’s Dracula

Filed under: Books, Britain, Europe, History, Media — Tags: , , , , , — Nicholas @ 06:00

Atun-Shei Films
Published 30 Oct 2020

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An in-depth analysis of Dracula, the original 1897 book by Bram Stoker, possibly the most influential horror novel ever written. Why has the Count enjoyed such longevity in popular culture? What made Dracula so scary for Victorian readers? And what – pray tell – makes vampires so attractive?

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#BramStoker #Dracula #Analysis

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~REFERENCES~

[1] “Dracula Movies” (2016). IMDB https://www.imdb.com/list/ls058255047/

[2] Leslie S. Klinger. The New Annotated Dracula (2008). W.W. Norton & Company, Page xvi

[3] Klinger, Page xxi

[4] Dr. Andrzej Diniejko. “Slums and Slumming in Late-Victorian London.” The Victorian Web http://www.victorianweb.org/history/s…

[5] Gill Davies. “London in Dracula; Dracula in London” (2004). Literary London: Interdisciplinary Studies in the Representation of London, Volume 2 Number 1 http://www.literarylondon.org/london-…

[6] Klinger, xxxii-xli

[7] “An 1897 Review of Bram Stoker’s Dracula” (2019). Literary Hub https://bookmarks.reviews/an-1897-rev…

[8] “The Spectator‘s Review of Dracula, 1897″ (2012). The Spectator https://www.spectator.co.uk/article/t…

[9] olly Furneaux. “Victorian Se•ualities” (2014). British Library https://www.bl.uk/romantics-and-victo…

[10] Klinger, Page xvii-xviii

[11] Greg Buzwell. “Daughters of Decadence: The New Woman in the Victorian Fin De Siécle” (2014). British Library https://www.bl.uk/romantics-and-victo…

The Banality of Death – War Against Humanity 021 – October 1941 Pt. 2

Filed under: Europe, France, Germany, History, Military, Russia, WW2 — Tags: , , , , — Nicholas @ 04:00

World War Two
Published 29 Oct 2020

French resistance members liquidate a high-ranking German officer, triggering a series of retaliatory actions by the German occupiers. Meanwhile, actions in the “Holocaust of Bullets” continue in the east as German forces move further into the USSR, taking Odessa.

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Follow WW2 day by day on Instagram @ww2_day_by_day – https://www.instagram.com/ww2_day_by_day
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Source list: http://bit.ly/WW2sources

Hosted by: Spartacus Olsson
Written by: Joram Appel
Director: Astrid Deinhard
Producers: Astrid Deinhard and Spartacus Olsson
Executive Producers: Astrid Deinhard, Indy Neidell, Spartacus Olsson, Bodo Rittenauer
Creative Producer: Maria Kyhle
Post-Production Director: Wieke Kapteijns
Research by: Joram Appel
Edited by: Miki Cackowski
Sound design: Marek Kamiński
Map animations: Eastory (https://www.youtube.com/c/eastory)

Colorizations by:
Mikołaj Uchman
Julius Jääskeläinen – https://www.facebook.com/JJcolorization/
Norman Stewart – https://oldtimesincolor.blogspot.com/
Jaris Almazani (Artistic Man) – https://instagram.com/artistic.man?ig…
Carlos Ortega Pereira – BlauColorizations, https://www.instagram.com/blaucolorizations
Tzo15 – https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Fi…

Sources:
– Berkhoff, Karel (ed.), Basic Historical Narrative of the Babi Yar Holocaust Memorial Center (2018).
– Cobb, Matthew, The Resistance (2009).
– Desbois, Patrick, The Holocaust by Bullets: A Priest’s Journey to Uncover the Truth Behind the Murder of 1.5 Million Jews (2008).
– Fox, Holquist and Martin, The Holocaust in the East: Local Perpetrators and Soviet Responses (2014).
– Kay, Alex and David Stahel, Mass Violence in Nazi-Occupied Europe (2018).
– Klee, Dressen and Reiss, The Good old Days: The Holocaust as Seen by Its Perpetrators and Bystanders (1991).
– Longerich, Peter, The Unwritten Order: Hitler’s Role in the Final Solution (2001)
– Longerich, Peter, Holocaust: The Nazi Persecution and Murder of the Jews (2010).
– Mitter, Rana, Forgotten Ally: China’s World War II, 1937-1945 (2013).
– Müller, “The Brutalisation of Warfare, Nazi Crimes and the Wehrmacht”, In: Erickson & Dilks, Barbarossa: The Axis and the Allies.
– Parrish, Michael, The Lesser Terror Soviet State Security, 1939-1953.
– Rutherford, Jeff, Combat And Genocide on the Eastern Front: The German Infantry’s War, 1941-1944 (2014).
– Snyder, Timothy, Bloodlands: Europe Between Hitler and Stalin (2010).
– United States Holocaust Memorial Museum, Encyclopaedia of Camps and Ghettos, 1933-1945, volume II, Part A (2012).
– United States Holocaust Memorial Museum, Encyclopaedia of Camps and Ghettos, 1933-1945, volume II, Part B (2012)

Visual sources:
Yad Vashem 75EO4, 933/3/5, 94DO1, 75FO4, 75DO3, 3065/2, 4359/45, 2725/6, 86FO2, 3199/5, 7904/172, 3745/138, 90FO3, 4359/83, 4359/21, 4359/55, 4216/34, 86DO8, 3150/129, 4613/89, 142BO7, 3150/122
Bundesarchiv
Visuotinė lietuvių enciklopedija
Narodowe Archiwum Cyfrowe
Picture of Lavrentiy Beria in court, courtesy of Фотограф – Ист.доки https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Fi…
Picture of Gilbert Brustlein, courtesy of Fbrustlein https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Fi…
Picture of Jewish officials of the Vilnius ghetto, courtesy of United States Holocaust Memorial Museum, William Begell
Picture of Jewish and Lithuanian police guarding the entrence to the Vilnius ghetto, courtesy of United States Holocaust Memorial Museum, William Begell
from the Noun Project: Skull by Muhamad Ulum, students by Piotrek Chuchla, person by Adrien Coquet, Injury by Adraino Emerick, Man by Milinda Courey, Woman by Maxim Kulikov, Child by RocketDiction

Soundtracks from Epidemic Sound:
Reynard Seidel – “Deflection”
Johannes Bornlof – “The Inspector 4”
Johannes Bornlof – “Deviation In Time”
Farell Wooten – “Blunt Object”
Peter Sandberg – “Document This 1”
Gunnar Johnsen – “Not Safe yet”
Jon Bjork – “For the Many”

Archive by Screenocean/Reuters https://www.screenocean.com.

A TimeGhost chronological documentary produced by OnLion Entertainment GmbH.

October 30, 2020

“We Burn” – The Road to Srebrenica – Sabaton History 091 [Official]

Filed under: Europe, History, Media, Military — Tags: , , , , , , , , — Nicholas @ 06:00

Sabaton History
Published 29 Oct 2020

Srebrenica in the summer of 1995. The road to the bloodiest massacre since the end of the Second World War was paved by the violence that followed the breakdown of Yugoslavia. A series of wars and brutal atrocities accompanied the individual struggles for independence as old ethnic and nationalist hatred resurged. The Bosnian Serbs who followed the leadership of politician Radovan Karadžić and General Ratko Mladić sought to separate themselves within Bosnia. However their views soon radicalized and Kradazic began to advocate for a Serbian ethno-state utopia, free of the Muslim Bosniaks. And he was willing to use extreme violence to achieve it.

Support Sabaton History on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/sabatonhistory

Listen to “We Burn” on the album Attero Dominatus: https://music.sabaton.net/AtteroDomin…

Listen to Sabaton on Spotify: http://smarturl.it/SabatonSpotify
Official Sabaton Merchandise Shop: http://bit.ly/SabatonOfficialShop

Hosted by: Indy Neidell
Written by: Markus Linke and Indy Neidell
Directed by: Astrid Deinhard and Wieke Kapteijns
Produced by: Pär Sundström, Astrid Deinhard and Spartacus Olsson
Creative Producer: Maria Kyhle
Executive Producers: Pär Sundström, Joakim Brodén, Tomas Sunmo, Indy Neidell, Astrid Deinhard, and Spartacus Olsson
Community Manager: Maria Kyhle
Post-Production Director: Wieke Kapteijns
Editor: Karolina Dołęga
Sound Editor: Marek Kaminski
Archive: Reuters/Screenocean – https://www.screenocean.com

Visual Sources:
– Library of Congress
– Portrait of Slobodan Milosevic courtesy of Stevan Kragujevic with the approval of daughter Tanja Kragujevic
– Icons from The Noun Project: Arrow by Dolly Holmes
– Pictures from Siege of Sarajevo, Portrait of Mladić & Karadžić and more courtesy of Mikhail Evstafiev
– Photograph of execution in Brcko in 1992 – Photograph provided courtesy of the ICTY
All music by: Sabaton

An OnLion Entertainment GmbH and Raging Beaver Publishing AB co-Production.

© Raging Beaver Publishing AB, 2019 – all rights reserved.

QotD: Artillery “duels”

Filed under: Britain, Germany, History, Humour, Military, WW1 — Tags: , , — Nicholas @ 01:00

Each afternoon we creep unostentatiously into subterranean burrows, while our respective gunners, from a safe position in the rear, indulge in what they humorously describe as “an artillery duel.” The humour arises from the fact that they fire, not at one another, but at us.

Ian Hay (Major John Hay Beith), The First Hundred Thousand: Being the Unofficial Chronicle of a Unit of “K(1)”, 1916.

October 29, 2020

The Legendary Scottish Infill Plane

Filed under: Britain, History, Tools, Woodworking — Tags: , , , , — Nicholas @ 05:00

Rex Krueger
Published 28 Oct 2020

Learn about the famous infill planes of Scotland and England. Do they deliver on the hype?

More video and exclusive content: http://www.patreon.com/rexkrueger
(more…)

War, Cinema, and Cheese! | BETWEEN 2 WARS: ZEITGEIST! | E.01 – Harvest 1918

Filed under: Europe, Food, History, Media, Military — Tags: , , , , , , , — Nicholas @ 04:00

TimeGhost History
Published 28 Oct 2020

War, poverty, and disease continue to pummel the word in the wake of the Great War. But still, humanity carries on, not only surviving but creating a host of futuristic opportunities in the arts, the economy, and … cheese.

Join us on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/TimeGhostHistory

Hosted by: Indy Neidell
Written by: Indy Neidell, Francis van Berkel, and Spartacus Olsson.
Director: Astrid Deinhard
Producers: Astrid Deinhard and Spartacus Olsson
Executive Producers: Astrid Deinhard, Indy Neidell, Spartacus Olsson, Bodo Rittenauer
Creative Producer: Maria Kyhle
Post-Production Director: Wieke Kapteijns
Research by: Indy Neidell, Francis van Berkel, and Spartacus Olsson.
Archive Research: Daniel Weiss
Edited by: Daniel Weiss
Sound design: Marek Kamiński

Colorizations:
Daniel Weiss – https://www.facebook.com/TheYankeeCol…
(BlauColorizations) – https://www.instagram.com/blaucolorizations
Dememorabilia – https://www.instagram.com/dememorabilia/

Sources:

From the Noun Project:
iron cross By Souvik Maity, IN
poverty By Phạm Thanh Lộc, VN
Skull_51748

Soundtracks from Epidemic Sound:
– “One More for the Road” – Golden Age Radio
– “Dark Shadow” – Etienne Roussel
– “Not Safe Yet” – Gunnar Johnsen
– “Rememberance” – Fabien Tell
– “Last Point of Safe Return” – Fabien Tell
– “Steps in Time” – Golden Age Radio
– “What Now” – Golden Age Radio
– “Sunday Worship” – Radio Night
– “Astray” – Alec Slayne
– “Break Free” – Fabien Tell

Archive by Screenocean/Reuters https://www.screenocean.com.

A TimeGhost chronological documentary produced by OnLion Entertainment GmbH.

From the comments:

TimeGhost History
1 day ago
Welcome back to Between Two Wars! Strap in for what is going to be an exciting ride through the massive cultural, social, economic, and technological shifts that take place after the Great War. We can’t guarantee this will always be a positive tale. These changes entail plenty of fear and suffering, and even ‘fun’ things like the Jazz Age have their darker sides.

But that doesn’t alter the fact that the interwar era is a time of promise where people envision modern futures to replace old pasts. There is everything to play for in this brave new world and a vision of progress all around in politics, culture, food, and more.

October 28, 2020

QotD: The Gurkhas

Filed under: Britain, History, India, Military, Quotations, WW2 — Tags: , , — Nicholas @ 01:00

For 20 years between the wars [Field Marshal Viscount Slim] was a Gurkha officer, as so many of the 14th Army’s fighting generals were. Indeed, for a time, they were known on the front as the “Mongol Conspiracy.” Slim loves the Gurkhas, whose language he speaks. His favourite stories are of Gurkhas. He tells of the paratroopers who were to jump at 300 feet. As they had never jumped before, their Havildar [Sergeant] asked if they might go a little nearer the ground for their first jump. He was told that this was impossible because the parachutes would not have time to open. “Oh,” said the Gurkha, “so we get parachutes, eh?”

“The love affair the British have with India, as Rudyard Kipling, M M Kaye, John Masters, et al, have shown”, Sikhs in Burma Campaign.

October 27, 2020

America’s “brutal system of slavery [was] unlike anything that had existed in the world before”

Filed under: Africa, Europe, History, Middle East, Politics, USA — Tags: , , , , , , — Nicholas @ 05:00

I missed this article by Kay S. Hymowitz when it was published by City Journal a couple of weeks back:

Auction at Richmond. (1834)
“Five hundred thousand strokes for freedom ; a series of anti-slavery tracts, of which half a million are now first issued by the friends of the Negro.” by Armistead, Wilson, 1819?-1868 and “Picture of slavery in the United States of America. ” by Bourne, George, 1780-1845
New York Public Library via Wikimedia Commons.

… slavery was a mundane fact in most human civilizations, neither questioned nor much thought about. It appeared in the earliest settlements of Sumer, Babylonia, China, and Egypt, and it continues in many parts of the world to this day. Far from grappling with whether slavery should be legal, the code of Hammurabi, civilization’s first known legal text, simply defines appropriate punishments for recalcitrant slaves (cutting off their ears) or those who help them escape (death). Both the Hebrew Bible and the New Testament take for granted the existence of slaves. Slavery was so firmly established in ancient Greece that Plato could not imagine his ideal Republic without them, though he rejected the idea of individual ownership in favor of state control. As for Rome, well, Spartacus, anyone?

In the ancient world, slaves were almost always captives from the era’s endless wars of conquest. They were forced to do all the heavy labor required for building and sustaining cities and towns: clearing forests; building roads, temples, and palaces; digging and transporting stone; hoeing fields; rowing galley ships; and marching to almost-certain death in the front line of battle. Women (and often enough boy) slaves had the task of servicing the sexual appetites of their masters. None of that changed with the arrival of a new millennium. Gaelic tribes took advantage of the fall of the Roman Empire to raid the west coast of England and Wales for strong bodies; one belonged to a 16-year-old later anointed St. Patrick, patron saint of Ireland. “In the slavery business, no tribe was fiercer or more feared than the Irish,” writes Thomas Cahill in How the Irish Saved Civilization.

Today, of course, the immorality of slave-owning is as clear as day. But in the premodern world, no neat division existed between evil slaveowners and their innocent victims. Once the Vikings arrived in their longboats in the 700s, the Irish enslavers found themselves the enslaved. Slavery became the commanding height of the Viking economy; Norsemen raided coastal villages across Europe and brought their captives to Dublin, which became one of the largest slave markets of the time. The Vikings thought of their slaves as more like cattle than people; the unlucky victims had to sleep alongside the domestic animals, according to the National Museum of Denmark in Copenhagen. Norsemen rounded up captured Irish men and women to settle the desolate landscape of Iceland; scientists have found Irish DNA in present-day Icelanders, a legacy of that time. The Slavic tribes in Eastern Europe were an especially fertile supplier for Viking slave traders as well as for Muslim dealers from Spain: their Latin name gave us the word slave. Slavs were evidently not deterred by the misery they must have suffered; when Viking power waned by the twelfth century, the Slavs turned around and enslaved Vikings as well as Greeks.

Slavery was a normal state of affairs well beyond the territory we now call Europe. The Mayans had slaves; the Aztecs harnessed the labor of captives to build their temples and then serve as human sacrifices at the altars they had helped construct. The ancient Near East and Asia Minor were chockfull of slaves, mostly from East Africa. According to eminent slavery scholar Orlando Patterson, East Africa was plundered for human chattel as far back as 1580 BC. Muhammad called for compassion for the enslaved, but that didn’t stop his followers from expanding their search for chattel beyond the east coast into the interior of Africa, where the trade flourished for many centuries before those first West Africans arrived in Jamestown. Throughout that time, African kings and merchants grew rich from capturing and selling the millions of African slaves sent through the Persian Gulf and Indian Ocean to Persians and Ottomans.

From the fifteenth to the eighteenth centuries, the North African Barbary coast was a hub for “white slavery.” This episode was relatively short-lived in the global history of slavery, but one with overlooked impact on Western culture. Around 1619, just as the first Africans were being sailed from the African coast to Jamestown, Algerian and Tunisian pirates, or “corsairs” as they were known, were using their boats to raid seaside villages on the Mediterranean and Atlantic for slaves who happened in this case to be white. In 1631, Ottoman pirates sacked Baltimore on the southern coast of Ireland, capturing and enslaving the villagers. Around the same time, Iceland was raided by Barbary corsairs who took hundreds of prisoners, selling them into lifetime bondage.

What Happened 100 Years Ago? – October 1920 I THE GREAT WAR

Filed under: Africa, Americas, Asia, Europe, History, Military — Tags: , — Nicholas @ 04:00

The Great War
Published 26 Oct 2020

It’s time for our monthly summary of the events 100 years ago.

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Mixing, Mastering & Sound Design: http://above-zero.com
Maps: Daniel Kogosov (https://www.patreon.com/Zalezsky)
Research by: Jesse Alexander
Fact checking: Florian Wittig

Channel Design: Alexander Clark
Original Logo: David van Stephold

Contains licensed material by getty images
All rights reserved – Real Time History GmbH 2020

October 26, 2020

“Immigrant Song” cover in Old Norse 700 A.D – 1500 A.D

Filed under: Europe, History, Media — Tags: , , , , — Nicholas @ 04:00

the_miracle_aligner
Published 13 Oct 2020

“Get in virgin, We’re raiding England”

Original by @Led Zeppelin: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RlNhD…

First off, apologies if I screwed this up because this was probably one of the hardest covers I have ever attempted (One does not simply try and emulate Robert Plant). If there were any mistakes in the pronunciations or translation too please do let me know 🙂 Thank you so much for watching guys, leave a like if ya liked it. And if you haven’t subbed yet, please consider doing so. Help me get to 100k Subs 🙂

Consider supporting the channel, I know what I do ain’t much but its honest work ❤: https://www.patreon.com/the_miracle_a…

Wanna follow me?
https://twitter.com/KholeJa
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Big thanks to @Constantine for the instrumentals, PLEASE for the love of God go support his channel too 🙂 https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCoHA…

Big thanks to Angus Bolton for the translation and training. Twas truly a pleasure.

Source of the BG: https://in.pinterest.com/pin/29885612…

Lyrics, Courtesy of Angus (Its in Icelandic btw, I bet you don’t wanna be reading runes XD)

ís ok snœrs landi frá Komum
Af miðnótts boði,laugar vellar
Æsa hamarr
Vil drifum draka vár til noyer landum
Að vega hjrøða ok að hlakka ok söngr
Valhøl ver komum

Fram sveipum með bitinn øra
vestr strandi einn sœkjum

ís ok snœrs landi frá Komum
Af miðnótts boði, laugar vellar
Hvo mýkr síns grænar bjoðar
blóðs sögur susa megar
Af hvé dolgsstormi þegdum
síns bardgisherrar ver erum

Fram sveipum með bitinn öra
vestr strandi einn sœkjum

Svo nu fallaðyrka létta ok simða síns betra
Þvi at and-fang mega daginn vinna þar allr

#LedZeppelin #Norse #Bardcore #Skaldcore

Classic Imperial British Revolvers: the Webley WG Army and Target

Filed under: Britain, History, Military, Weapons — Tags: , , , — Nicholas @ 02:00

Forgotten Weapons
Published 19 Aug 2018

http://www.patreon.com/ForgottenWeapons

Cool Forgotten Weapons merch! http://shop.bbtv.com/collections/forg…

The Webley company used the “WG” (Webley Government) nomenclature in its literature starting in 1883, but the first revolver actually marketed as such was the WG Model of 1889. These revolvers were made primarily for the military market, as officers were responsible for supplying their own sidearms in the British military until 1915. The WG was a full size service revolver in .455 caliber (accepting a wide variety of .45 inch British cartridges, including the .450, .455, .476, Enfield Mk II, and Enfield MkIII). A series of refinements would be made to the design culminating in the generally-accepted standard WG pattern in 1896. These would be produced until 1902, when they were replaced by the Webley WS (Webley Service).

The two main variation of the WG were the Army and the Target. The Army typically had a bird’s-head grip and a 6 inch barrel, where the Target had a longer 7.5 inch barrel and a flared square-butt grip, as well as adjustable sights. However, Webley was happy to supply and mix of features to a customer, and many branded patterns exist. The Target pattern proved very successful for shooters at the Dublin, Glasgow, and Wimbledon matches of the period. A total of about 22,000 WG pattern revolvers were made, with the “standard” 1896 model appearing around s/n 10,000.

Contact:
Forgotten Weapons
6281 N Oracle #36270
Tucson, AZ 85704

October 25, 2020

Martial Law in Moscow, but is the Cavalry coming? – WW2 – 113 – October 24, 1941

Filed under: Europe, Germany, History, Military, Russia, WW2 — Tags: , , , , , , — Nicholas @ 04:00

World War Two
Published 24 Oct 2020

The Germans draw ever closer to Moscow, but Soviet reinforcements have begun to arrive from Siberia and the city’s defenses have grown stronger. Meanwhile in the south, the Germans are sweeping into the Crimea and looking hungrily at the Caucasus.

Join us on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/TimeGhostHistory
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Follow WW2 day by day on Instagram @ww2_day_by_day – https://www.instagram.com/ww2_day_by_day
Between 2 Wars: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list…
Source list: http://bit.ly/WW2sources

Written and Hosted by: Indy Neidell
Director: Astrid Deinhard
Producers: Astrid Deinhard and Spartacus Olsson
Executive Producers: Astrid Deinhard, Indy Neidell, Spartacus Olsson, Bodo Rittenauer
Creative Producer: Maria Kyhle
Post-Production Director: Wieke Kapteijns
Research by: Indy Neidell
Edited by: Miki Cackowski
Sound design: Marek Kamiński
Map animations: Eastory (https://www.youtube.com/c/eastory)

Colorizations by:
Julius Jääskeläinen – https://www.facebook.com/JJcolorization/
Mikolaj Uchman
Klimbim – https://www.flickr.com/photos/2215569…
Daniel Weiss
Carlos Ortega Pereira, BlauColorizations – https://www.instagram.com/blaucolorizations
Dememorabilia – https://www.instagram.com/dememorabilia/
Norman Stewart – https://oldtimesincolor.blogspot.com/

Sources:
Mil.ru
Bundesarchiv
Narodowe Archiwum Cyfrowe
Yad Vashem 90FO3
from the Noun Project: Skull by Muhamad Ulum, Horse by RIZCA, Injury by Adriano Emerick, Oil Tank by Mangsaabguru

Soundtracks from the Epidemic Sound:
Johannes Bornlof – “The Inspector 4”
Reynard Seidel – “Deflection”
Johannes Bornlof – “Death And Glory 3”
Johan Hynynen – “Dark Beginning”
Hakan Eriksson – “Epic Adventure Theme 4”
Gunnar Johnsen – “Not Safe Yet”
Andreas Jamsheree – “Guilty Shadows 4”

Archive by Screenocean/Reuters https://www.screenocean.com.

A TimeGhost chronological documentary produced by OnLion Entertainment GmbH.

October 24, 2020

Andrew Sullivan on the potentials of therapeutic use of psilocybin

Filed under: Europe, Greece, Health, History, Religion — Tags: , , , , , — Nicholas @ 05:00

In the last free edition of his Weekly Dish newsletter — and probably the last time I’ll be able to link to it — Andrew Sullivan discusses the medical trials and legalization initiatives for psilocybin along with some of the history of its use in the Elusinian Mysteries in ancient Greece:

At the archaeological site of the Sanctuary of Demeter at Eleusis. The information board on the left stands on what was once the courtyard of the sanctuary. Over the staircase behind it stood the Greater Propylaea. Next to the cavern in the background stood the Sanctuary of Pluto (who abducted Persephone, Demeter’s daughter). The cavern represents the entrance to the Underworld. The path to the left of the cavern leads to the Telesterion where the faithful were initiated to the Eleusinian mysteries. The brown building up on the hill (left) is a church dedicated to the Virgin Mary (Church of Panagitsa Mesosporitissa) and stands over the area of the Telesterion.
Photo by George E. Koronaios via Wikimedia Commons.

There are many ways in which this election might portend the future, but there’s a seemingly small issue — only on the ballot in Oregon and the District of Columbia — that’s a sleeper, it seems to me, and worth keeping an eye on. It’s the decriminalization of naturally-occurring psychedelics, in particular, psilocybin, the psychoactive ingredient in some mushrooms which have long been dubbed “magic.”

This doesn’t come out of the blue. Huge strides have been taken in the last few years in the decriminalization of cannabis, with 33 states allowing medical use, of which 11 allow recreational as well. The FDA recently greenlit clinical trials for psilocybin as a “breakthrough therapy” for depression — with some wildly impressive results. Books like Michael Pollan’s magisterial How To Change Your Mind have helped shift the reputation of psychedelics from groovy, counter-cultural weirdness to mature, spiritual, and regulated mental health treatment. Ketamine — previously a party drug and an animal tranquilizer — has shown more promise as an anti-depressant than any therapy since the mid-1990s.

The familiar worry, of course, is that we might be ushering in an era of wild drug experimentation, with unforeseen and unknowable results. Some people fear that relaxing some of the legal restrictions on things that grow in nature could lead to social disruption or higher levels of addiction or worse. The great popularizer of psychedelics, Aldous Huxley, gave us a somewhat sobering description of what might be our future in Brave New World, and many in the West have been terrified of these substances for quite a while.

But new research suggests that this shift toward integrating psychedelics into a healthy, responsible life for Westerners may not be new at all. It would, in fact, be a return to a civilization that used these substances as a bulwark of social and personal peace. New literary investigations of ancient texts, new — and re-examined — archeological finds, and cutting edge bio-chemical technology that can detect and identify substances in long-buried artifacts, suggest that deploying psychedelics would, in fact, be a return to a Brave Old World we are only now rediscovering.

We’ve long known that human knowledge of psychedelic aspects of nature goes back into pre-history; and use of them just as far. But perhaps the most surprising find in this new area of research is that sacred tripping was not simply a function of prehistoric religious rituals and shamanism, but an integral, even central part, of the world of the ancient Greeks. The society that remains the basis for so much of Western civilization seems to have held psychedelics as critical to its vision of human flourishing. And that vision may have a role to play in bringing Western civilization back into balance.

A breakthrough in understanding this comes in the form of a rigorously scholarly new book, The Immortality Key: The Secret History of the Religion With No Name, by Brian Muraresku. What he shows is the centrality of psychedelic use for the ancient Greeks, in an elaborate and mysterious once-in-a-lifetime ceremony at the Temple of Eleusis, a short distance from Athens. We’ve long known about this temple of the Mysteries, as they were known, and the rite of passage they offered — because it’s everywhere in the record. Many leading Greeks and Romans went there, including Plato and Marcus Aurelius. Here is Cicero, no less, in De Legibus:

    For it appears to me that among the many exceptional and divine things your Athens has produced and contributed to human life, nothing is better than those Mysteries. For by means of them we have been transformed from a rough and savage way of life to the state of humanity, and been civilized. Just as they are called initiations, so in actual fact we have learned from them the fundamentals of life, and have grasped the basis not only for living with joy, but also for dying with a better hope.

Napoleon’s Masterpiece: Austerlitz 1805

Filed under: Europe, France, History, Military, Russia — Tags: , , , — Nicholas @ 04:00

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Published 28 Jun 2018

Napoleonic Wars Part 1: Napoleon’s brilliant 1805 campaign culminates in victory at Austerlitz.

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QotD: Dealing with the Ordnance Office

Filed under: Britain, Bureaucracy, Humour, Military, WW1 — Tags: — Nicholas @ 01:00

For instance, in the case of the machine-gun washers — by the way, in applying for them, you must call them Gun, Machine, Light Vickers, Washers for lock of, two. That is the way we always talk at the Ordnance Office. An Ordnance officer refers to his wife’s mother as Law, Mother-in-, one — you should state when the old washers were lost, and by whom; also why they were lost, and where they are now. Then write a short history of the machine-gun from which they were lost, giving date and place of birth, together with a statement of the exact number of rounds which it has fired — a machine-gun fires about five hundred rounds a minute — adding the name and military record of the pack-animal which usually carries it. When you have filled up this document you forward it to the proper quarter and await results.

The game then proceeds on simple and automatic lines. If your application is referred back to you not more than five times, and if you get your washers within three months of the date of application, you are the winner. If you get something else instead — say an aeroplane, or a hundred wash-hand basins — it is a draw. But the chances are that you lose.

[…]

Olympus will not disgorge your washers until it has your receipt. On the other hand, if you send the receipt, Olympus can always win the game by losing the washers, and saying that you have got them. In the face of your own receipt you cannot very well deny this. So you lose your washers, and the game, and are also made liable for the misappropriation of two washers, for which Olympus holds your receipt.

Truly, the gods play with loaded dice.

On the whole, the simplest (and almost universal) plan is to convey a couple of washers from some one else’s gun.

Ian Hay (Major John Hay Beith), The First Hundred Thousand: Being the Unofficial Chronicle of a Unit of “K(1)”, 1916.

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