Extra Credits
Published on 17 Nov 2018The Rus Vikings headed further inland into eastern Europe, raiding Constantinople (unsuccessfully) at first, and then eventually falling into negotiations with the Byzantines and changing their own culture over time. One of their most famous descending rulers was Olga of Kiev, who was also the grandmother of Vladimir.
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November 19, 2018
Viking Expansion – The Lands of the Rus – Extra History – #4
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QotD: How nationalism distorts opinion and judgement
For those who feel deeply about contemporary politics, certain topics have become so infected by considerations of prestige that a genuinely rational approach to them is almost impossible. Out of the hundreds of examples that one might choose, take this question: Which of the three great allies, the U.S.S.R., Britain and the USA, has contributed most to the defeat of Germany? In theory, it should be possible to give a reasoned and perhaps even a conclusive answer to this question. In practice, however, the necessary calculations cannot be made, because anyone likely to bother his head about such a question would inevitably see it in terms of competitive prestige. He would therefore start by deciding in favour of Russia, Britain or America as the case might be, and only after this would begin searching for arguments that seemed to support his case. And there are whole strings of kindred questions to which you can only get an honest answer from someone who is indifferent to the whole subject involved, and whose opinion on it is probably worthless in any case. Hence, partly, the remarkable failure in our time of political and military prediction. It is curious to reflect that out of all the ‘experts’ of all the schools, there was not a single one who was able to foresee so likely an event as the Russo-German Pact of 1939. And when news of the Pact broke, the most wildly divergent explanations were of it were given, and predictions were made which were falsified almost immediately, being based in nearly every case not on a study of probabilities but on a desire to make the U.S.S.R. seem good or bad, strong or weak. Political or military commentators, like astrologers, can survive almost any mistake, because their more devoted followers do not look to them for an appraisal of the facts but for the stimulation of nationalistic loyalties. And aesthetic judgements, especially literary judgements, are often corrupted in the same way as political ones. It would be difficult for an Indian Nationalist to enjoy reading Kipling or for a Conservative to see merit in Mayakovsky, and there is always a temptation to claim that any book whose tendency one disagrees with must be a bad book from a literary point of view. People of strongly nationalistic outlook often perform this sleight of hand without being conscious of dishonesty.
George Orwell, “Notes on Nationalism”, Polemic, 1945-05.
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November 18, 2018
New research shows 536AD to have been the true annus horribilis
There have been bad years in human history. There have been worse days in human history. But according to a recent study summarized in Science magazine, the worst year in recorded history was 536AD:
Ask medieval historian Michael McCormick what year was the worst to be alive, and he’s got an answer: “536.” Not 1349, when the Black Death wiped out half of Europe. Not 1918, when the flu killed 50 million to 100 million people, mostly young adults. But 536. In Europe, “It was the beginning of one of the worst periods to be alive, if not the worst year,” says McCormick, a historian and archaeologist who chairs the Harvard University Initiative for the Science of the Human Past.
A mysterious fog plunged Europe, the Middle East, and parts of Asia into darkness, day and night — for 18 months. “For the sun gave forth its light without brightness, like the moon, during the whole year,” wrote Byzantine historian Procopius. Temperatures in the summer of 536 fell 1.5°C to 2.5°C, initiating the coldest decade in the past 2300 years. Snow fell that summer in China; crops failed; people starved. The Irish chronicles record “a failure of bread from the years 536–539.” Then, in 541, bubonic plague struck the Roman port of Pelusium, in Egypt. What came to be called the Plague of Justinian spread rapidly, wiping out one-third to one-half of the population of the eastern Roman Empire and hastening its collapse, McCormick says.
Historians have long known that the middle of the sixth century was a dark hour in what used to be called the Dark Ages, but the source of the mysterious clouds has long been a puzzle. Now, an ultraprecise analysis of ice from a Swiss glacier by a team led by McCormick and glaciologist Paul Mayewski at the Climate Change Institute of The University of Maine (UM) in Orono has fingered a culprit. At a workshop at Harvard this week, the team reported that a cataclysmic volcanic eruption in Iceland spewed ash across the Northern Hemisphere early in 536. Two other massive eruptions followed, in 540 and 547. The repeated blows, followed by plague, plunged Europe into economic stagnation that lasted until 640, when another signal in the ice — a spike in airborne lead — marks a resurgence of silver mining, as the team reports in Antiquity this week.
H/T to Blazing Cat Fur for the link.
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The Mysterious Threat to the Royal Navy – WW2 – 012 17 November 1939
World War Two
Published on 17 Nov 2018While the Finns and the Soviets seem to be moving ever closer to war, the Royal Navy is losing ships at a frightening rate to an explosive threat not yet understood.
WW2 day by day, every day is now live on our Instagram account @World_war_two_realtime https://www.instagram.com/world_war_t…
Between 2 Wars: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list…
Join us on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/TimeGhostHistory
Or join The TimeGhost Army directly at: https://timeghost.tvWritten and Hosted by: Indy Neidell
Produced and Directed by: Spartacus Olsson and Astrid Deinhard
Executive Producers: Bodo Rittenauer, Astrid Deinhard, Indy Neidell, Spartacus Olsson
Research by: Indy Neidell
Edited by: Wieke Kapteijns and Spartacus Olsson
Community Manager: Joram AppelColoring by Spartacus Olsson
Archive by Screenocean/Reuters https://www.screenocean.com
A TimeGhost chronological documentary produced by OnLion Entertainment GmbH
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The Toronto Circus Riot of 1855
The History Guy: History Deserves to Be Remembered
Published on 26 Oct 2018In 1855 Toronto, a fireman and a clown walked into a brothel. What followed would change the course of one of the world’s great cities.
The episode is intended for educational purposes. All events are portrayed in historical context. No graphic depictions of violence are included.
The History Guy uses media that are in the public domain. As photographs of actual events are sometimes not available, photographs of similar objects and events are used for illustration.
Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/TheHistoryGuy
The History Guy: History Deserves to Be Remembered is the place to find short snippets of forgotten history from five to fifteen minutes long. If you like history too, this is the channel for you.
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November 17, 2018
The MG 08/15 Updated Between the Wars
Forgotten Weapons
Published on 25 Oct 2018https://www.forgottenweapons.com/the-…
http://www.patreon.com/ForgottenWeapons
In the aftermath of World War One, the Treaty of Versailles strictly limited the number of machine guns that the German military could keep in inventory. The main type that the Germans chose to keep was the MG08/15 (although a substantial number of MG08 guns were kept as well). Through the 1920s and 1930s, these Maxim guns were improved and updated in a variety of ways until finally replaced by the MG34 starting in 1936. Many of these updated 08/15s would be deployed in reserve areas during World War Two, but relatively few survive today. Today we are looking at one such gun, and noting the changes made to it compared to the 08/15 of World War One. Specifically:
* Anti-aircraft sights and mounting brackets
* Oiler bottle in the stock
* Bipod attachment at the muzzle
* New water drain and fill plugs
* Modified drum hanger bracket
* Feed block for both cloth Maxim belts and metal MG34 belts
* Leather pistol grip cover
* Top cover locking latchContact:
Forgotten Weapons
PO Box 87647
Tucson, AZ 85754If you enjoy Forgotten Weapons, check out its sister channel, InRangeTV! http://www.youtube.com/InRangeTVShow
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QotD: Positive and negative nationalism
…nationalist feeling can be purely negative. There are, for example, Trotskyists who have become simply enemies of the U.S.S.R. without developing a corresponding loyalty to any other unit. When one grasps the implications of this, the nature of what I mean by nationalism becomes a good deal clearer. A nationalist is one who thinks solely, or mainly, in terms of competitive prestige. He may be a positive or a negative nationalist — that is, he may use his mental energy either in boosting or in denigrating — but at any rate his thoughts always turn on victories, defeats, triumphs and humiliations. He sees history, especially contemporary history, as the endless rise and decline of great power units, and every event that happens seems to him a demonstration that his own side is on the upgrade and some hated rival is on the downgrade. But finally, it is important not to confuse nationalism with mere worship of success. The nationalist does not go on the principle of simply ganging up with the strongest side. On the contrary, having picked his side, he persuades himself that it is the strongest, and is able to stick to his belief even when the facts are overwhelmingly against him. Nationalism is power-hunger tempered by self-deception. Every nationalist is capable of the most flagrant dishonesty, but he is also — since he is conscious of serving something bigger than himself — unshakeably certain of being in the right.
George Orwell, “Notes on Nationalism”, Polemic, 1945-05.
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November 16, 2018
The Victors & The Vanquished I THE GREAT WAR Epilogue
The Great War
Published on 15 Nov 2018G.J. Meyer: A World Undone
Martin Gilbert: The First World War
Peter Hart: The Great War
David Zabecki: The German Spring Offensives
Alexander Watson: Ring of Steel
Robin Neillands: Western Front Generals
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The Origin of Quantum Mechanics (feat. Neil Turok)
minutephysics
Published on Oct 14, 2012Check out the Massey Lectures with Neil Turok: http://www.cbc.ca/radio/ideas/the-201…
Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics: http://pitp.caMinute Physics provides an energetic and entertaining view of old and new problems in physics — all in a minute!
Music by Nathaniel Schroeder: http://www.soundcloud.com/drschroeder
Thanks to Nima Doroud and Bruno LeFloch for contributions and to Perimeter Institute for support.
http://www.perimeterinstitute.caProduced in association with the 2012 Massey Lecture Series http://dft.ba/-massey Created by Henry Reich
H/T to Aeon:
The physics revolution that started with the flicker of a lightbulb
The discovery of quantum mechanics at the start of the 20th century shook the very foundations of physics, forcing scientists and philosophers to reexamine everything from particles upward. But as this short animation from MinutePhysics explains, the quantum revolution was jumpstarted by a rather unremarkable question. As the German government asked the theoretical physicist Max Planck: how can lightbulbs be made more efficient? To help solve the problem, Planck tried to account for the changing colour of light based on temperature, which he eventually realised couldn’t be explained by classical Newtonian physics. Working backwards from his data in ‘an act of despair’, Planck found that light wasn’t emitted continuously, but rather in discrete packets that he referred to as ‘quanta’. And the rest is the illusory arrow of time that we call history.
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November 15, 2018
The Romance of the Rails
Randal O’Toole’s new book on North American railways goes straight to my “wish list”. He’s also a long-time fan of railways, but has been forced to admit that attempts to bring back the golden age of rail are wasted effort because railways — especially US and Canadian lines — are built to carry bulk freight efficiently and economically but attempts to also carry large numbers of passengers quickly cannot be successful without building entirely separate (high-speed) lines. This is from the introduction to The Romance of the Rails [PDF]:
Amtrak’s
Eastbound Empire Builder crossing Two Medicine Trestle at East Glacier MT on 20 July 2011.
Photo by Steve Wilson via Wikimedia Commons.
Early in my career, I joined the National Association of Railroad Passengers (NARP) and supported more funding for Amtrak. Later, I realized Amtrak was poorly managed and supported Amtrak reform. More recently, along with NARP founder Anthony Haswell — who is sometimes called the Father of Amtrak — I became completely disillusioned with the idea of government-run trains and have argued for abolishing the heavily subsidized federal passenger rail corporation.
My attitudes toward urban transit have also undergone a transition. In 1972, as an undergraduate student, I wrote a paper for the Oregon Student Public Interest Research Group (OSPIRG) advocating low-cost transit improvements in Portland aimed at attracting people out of their automobiles and reducing air pollution. When the director of OSPIRG later became general manager of TriMet, Portland’s transit agency, he implemented some of those improvements, and transit ridership surged. To be honest, I didn’t propose rail transit reform in 1972 simply because I didn’t think there was much chance of that happening. However, I later became more skeptical of rail transit when Portland built an expensive light-rail line, followed by more lines that were even more expensive.
That skepticism has led some people to call me “anti-transit” and “anti-passenger train.” But I’m not. If someone could design a rail system that attracted riders and efficiently moved them from place to place, I’d be the first to endorse it. As this book will show, however, this is no more likely to happen than the freight railroads converting back to steam power. The next technology replacement will not be people trading in their cars for high-speed trains and light rail. Rather, it will be people trading in their human-driven cars for increasingly autonomous cars that drive themselves.
The short answer to the question of why passenger trains and streetcars have been replaced by planes, cars, and buses is that rails are more expensive and less flexible than the alternatives. To understand why, the first 10 chapters of this book will delve deep into the history of rail to show how passenger rail transportation once worked, who it worked for, and what has changed so that it no longer works today. This history demonstrates why statements such as, “High-speed trains have faster downtown-to-downtown times than flying” or “Light rail provides an alternative to congested roads going to work” are not relevant. Chapter 11 discusses the question of why passenger rail seems to work in Europe and Asia but not in North America.
Chapters 12 through 17 will each focus on a different kind of passenger rail, from streetcars to high-speed rail. Finally, Chapter 18 will demonstrate why we love trains, but also why we can’t expect them to do for us what they did in the 19th century.
Passenger rail was once an important part of our history, but today it represents a drag on our economy. I still love passenger trains, but I don’t think other people should have to subsidize my hobby.
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Colt Model 639: MACVSOG’s Vietnam Carbine
Forgotten Weapons
Published on 24 Oct 2018http://www.forgottenweapons.com/colt-…
http://www.patreon.com/ForgottenWeapons
The Colt Model 639 was the export version of the Colt Model 629, which was type classified by the US military as the XM177E2 and issued to MACVSOG special operations units in 1967 and 1968. Improved from the Model 609 carbine, the 629/639 has an 11.5 inch barrel and an interesting small muzzle device (“moderator”) which served to change the signature of its firing to sound much more like an AK-type rifle than an M16. The device does that job well – at least until it had been fired extensively, which slowly fills up the (non-disassemblable) unit with carbon and powder residue, substantially reducing its effectiveness. It has a full-fence lower, standard carbine buffer and spring, and a two position aluminum collapsing stock. It is the iconic weapon of US special forces in Vietnam.
Only about 100 of the Model 639 were made in the early 1970s, and many of those were sent back to Colt in 1975 under a recall. At that time, the ATF decided to classify the muzzle device as a silencer, prompting Colt to recall the guns and remove and destroy the devices. Some owners, however, kept their carbines and instead registered the muzzle devices, allowing them legally remain on the guns.
Contact:
Forgotten Weapons
PO Box 87647
Tucson, AZ 85754If you enjoy Forgotten Weapons, check out its sister channel, InRangeTV! http://www.youtube.com/InRangeTVShow
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November 14, 2018
Scrub Plane – a Historical Perspective – | Paul Sellers
Paul Sellers
Published on 7 Aug 2014In times past, before Stanley Rule and Level cast their first all-metal scrub plane, well used and worn-down wooden smoothing planes were kept as roughing planes for scrubbing off rough surfaces in preparation for more refined work. Longer planes such as jack planes and jointer planes followed to further level and straighten the work before the smoothing plane smoothed out the final surfaces.
The roughing plane had many names including Hunter plane, Scud or Scudding plane; Scurf or Scurfing plane; Cow plane and I am sure others I haven’t heard of and was the forerunner to the original Stanley scrub plane we know today. The wooden roughing plane worked well for centuries but with Stanley’s new fangled all-metal planes came the necessity of metal scrub planes too. In this video I explain a little of the important history behind the development of the scrub plane and the transition from wooden planes to the all metal versions.To find out more about Paul Sellers and the projects he is involved with visit http://paulsellers.com
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November 13, 2018
A Kristallnacht album
9 November, 1938. The Germans called it Kristallnacht, the “Night of Broken Glass”, Reichspogromnacht or simply Pogromnacht. Elisheva Avital tells the story of a photo album from that terrible event that came into her grandfather’s possession at some point during World War 2:
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THE GREAT WAR IS NOT OVER
The Great War
Published on 12 Nov 2018The Patreon Page: https://www.patreon.com/thegreatwar
The following information — basically the same as what Flo discusses in the video above — was sent out to Patreon supporters:
July 14, 2014 was our first day with The Great War project. 4 1/2 years later, and we managed to not miss a single Thursday to bring you the latest weekly update from 100 years ago. We could not have done this without your support on Patreon. We are not exaggerating when we say that our show would have been cancelled several times if we had to rely on YouTube revenue alone. For that we, and the rest of the production team want to say: “Thank you!”
Now, in the last few weeks we were rather quiet here on Patreon but also on Social Media in general. The main reason for that was that we, the team who researched big parts of this project, who edited, animated and published all the episodes and we who responded to your questions and criticisms over the years needed to figure out what we want to do after 11/11/18.
We quickly realised that we want to continue working in the field of historical film production and with that in mind we will start our own company in early 1919, pardon 2019. So far, we were employees of Mediakraft, the company that initially financed this channel and kept it afloat before you all started supporting us on Patreon. But now we want to stand on our feet.
And the great news is, that The Great War will stay with us and with you in the future. We reached an agreement with Mediakraft that we can continue working on the channel and publish more content. For this content, we still need your support and we hope that you trust our capabilities based on the past 4 1/2 years.
From a historical perspective, 11/11/1918 may have marked the end of hostilities in the First World War but it certainly didn’t usher in an era of world peace – quite the contrary. New wars, more revolutions, difficult peace negotiations and the attempts to create a new world order all were pivotal moments in our world history and we want to continue to tell these stories on The Great War channel.
But, there is always a but, that doesn’t mean that we won’t change things up behind the scenes and on the channel. The first, and for you probably most important point, is that Indy has moved on to new projects (and we wish him all the best for that) which means we will be looking to find a new host. This won’t be easy and I know you will be nervous, but we are sure that we can find someone that can fill these shoes over time.
Moreover, we will probably move away from the weekly episode format that was also accompanied by two extra weekly uploads for the past years. This incredible high output meant that we couldn’t always focus on topics as much as they deserved and we know from the numbers on YouTube that it was an overwhelming amount of content for a lot of our fans, too. Instead we will probably move to less uploads but longer episodes with more detail, more polish, better animations and just overall try to take it to the next level.
To wrap this long post up, I want to kindly ask you to trust in our abilities, to be open for this new direction and most importantly to continue to support us here on Patreon as now independent creators. Over the next few weeks, I will send out more updates on this evolution of The Great War. Right now we want to publish the first new episode in early January. In the meantime, you can enjoy the epilogue episodes with Indy that we will put up in the future.
And if you have any questions or ideas, feel free to put them in the comments of this post, we will try to answer them to the best of my ability.
Flo & Toni
Producers of The Great War
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The Maginot Line: Actually a Good Idea
Historigraph
Published on 13 Oct 2018If you enjoyed this video and want to see more made, consider supporting my efforts on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/historigraph
My old video on the invasion of France in 1940, which is useful for background info to this video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-4-l0…
Check out my Norway 1940 series: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list…
► Twitter: https://twitter.com/historigraph
Sources:
James Holland, The War in the West – A New History Vol. 1: Germany Ascendant 1939-1941 (kindle edition)
Lloyd Clark, Blitzkrieg: Myth, Reality and Hitler’s Lightning War – France, 1940.
Alistair Horne, To Lose a Battle: France 1940.
Charles River Editors, The Maginot Line: The History of the Fortifications that failed to protect France from Nazi Germany during World War II.
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