Quotulatiousness

November 22, 2020

Our World 100 Years Ago – November 1920 I THE GREAT WAR

Filed under: Britain, Europe, History, Italy — Tags: , , , , , , — Nicholas @ 04:00

The Great War
1.25M subscribers
Dissent This
What happened around the world 100 years ago?

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»CREDITS
Presented by: Jesse Alexander
Written by: Jesse Alexander
Director: Toni Steller & Florian Wittig
Director of Photography: Toni Steller
Sound: Toni Steller
Editing: Toni Steller
Motion Design: Philipp Appelt
Mixing, Mastering & Sound Design: http://above-zero.com
Maps: Daniel Kogosov (https://www.patreon.com/Zalezsky)
Research by: Jesse Alexander
Fact checking: Florian Wittig

Channel Design: Alexander Clark
Original Logo: David van Stephold

Contains licensed material by getty images
All rights reserved – Real Time History GmbH 2020

From the comments:

The Great War
2 days ago
Hope the new mic does its job and the audio is alright for all of you. We also got a lot of questions about the contents of Jesse’s bookshelf and the Emergency Lockdown Studio Also Known As Jesses Living Room (ELSAKAJLR™). Think we will film an extra video with Jesse (MTV Cribs?).

November 15, 2020

Italian Proto-Fascists Occupy Fiume – The Adriatic Question I THE GREAT WAR 1920

Filed under: Europe, History, Italy, WW1 — Tags: , , , , — Nicholas @ 06:00

The Great War
Published 14 Nov 2020

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Italy was promised a lot of territorial gains for entering the First World War on the Allied side. But in 1919, the map of Europe had changed and the Allies were less interested in only fulfilling Italian territorial ambitions. Push came to shove when Italian Fascists around nationalist Gabriele D’Annunzio occupied the coastal city of Fiume in the newly created Yugoslavia.

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» SOURCES
Albrecht-Carrié, René, Italy at the Paris Peace Conference, (Hamden, CT: Archon Books, 1966)

Burgwyn, H. James, Italian Foreign Policy in the Interwar Period, 1918-1940, (Westport, CT: Praeger, 1997)

Cattaruzza, Marina, “The Making and Remaking of a Boundary – the Redrafting of the Eastern Border of Italy after the two World Wars”, Journal of Modern European History, Vol. 9, No. 1, Space, Borders, Maps (2011)

Kitchen, Martin, Europe Between the Wars: A Political History, (Harlow: Longman Group, 1988)

Lederer, Ivo J., Yugoslavia at the Paris Peace Conference: A Study in Frontiermaking, (New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1963)

Bozanich, Stevan, “Post-war Turmoil and Violence (Yugoslavia)”, in: 1914-1918-online. International Encyclopedia of the First World War, ed. by Ute Daniel, Peter Gatrell, Oliver Janz, Heather Jones, Jennifer Keene, Alan Kramer, and Bill Nasson, issued by Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin 2019-11-20.

Innerhofer, Ian, “Post-war Societies (South East Europe)”, in: 1914-1918-online. International Encyclopedia of the First World War, ed. by Ute Daniel, Peter Gatrell, Oliver Janz, Heather Jones, Jennifer Keene, Alan Kramer, and Bill Nasson, issued by Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin 2014-10-08.

Baravelli, Andrea, “Post-war Societies (Italy)”, in: 1914-1918-online. International Encyclopedia of the First World War, ed. by Ute Daniel, Peter Gatrell, Oliver Janz, Heather Jones, Jennifer Keene, Alan Kramer, and Bill Nasson, issued by Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin 2015-09-03.

Lynn Williams’ (Pluto Press, 1975)

Hans Ulrich, “I redentori della vittoria: On Fiume’s Place in the Genealogy of Fascism”, Journal of Contemporary History Vol. 31, No. 2, Special Issue: The Aesthetics of Fascism (Apr., 1996))

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»CREDITS
Presented by: Jesse Alexander
Written by: Jesse Alexander
Director: Toni Steller & Florian Wittig
Director of Photography: Toni Steller
Sound: Toni Steller
Editing: Toni Steller
Motion Design: Philipp Appelt
Mixing, Mastering & Sound Design: http://above-zero.com
Maps: Daniel Kogosov (https://www.patreon.com/Zalezsky)
Research by: Jesse Alexander
Fact checking: Florian Wittig

Channel Design: Alexander Clark
Original Logo: David van Stephold

Contains licensed video and photos by getty images
Icons made by Freepik from www.flaticon.com
All rights reserved – Real Time History GmbH 2020

November 1, 2020

Polish-Lithuanian War – Caught Between Poland and Soviet Russia I THE GREAT WAR 1920

Filed under: Europe, History, Military, Russia — Tags: , , , , , — Nicholas @ 06:00

The Great War
Published 31 Oct 2020

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Like the other Baltic states, Lithuania declared independence at the end of World War 1 and was caught in the chaotic and violent situation of 1919 and 1920 when much of Eastern Europe was in turmoil. Territories that today belong to Lithuania were claimed by Poland and Soviet Russia alike — while these two were waging a war in the direct vicinity of Lithuania.

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» SOURCES
Balkelis, Tomas, “From Self-Defense to Revolution: Lithuanian Paramilitary Groups in 1918 and 1919”, in Fleishman, Lazar & Weiner, Amir (eds.) War, Revolution and Governance: The Baltic Countires in the Twentieth Century, (Boston: Academic Studies Press, 2018)

Balkelis, Tomas, “Turning Citizens into Soldiers: Baltic Paramilitary Movements after the Great War” in Gerwarth, Robert & Horne, John (eds.), War in Peace: Paramilitary Violence in Europe after the Great War, (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2012)

Gerutis, Albertas, “Independent Lithuania” in Gerutis, Albertas (ed.) Lithuania: 700 Years, (Woodhaven: Manyland Books, Inc, 1969)

Lieven, Anatol, The Baltic Revolution: Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania and the Path to Independence, (New Haven: Yale University Press, 2005)

Mačiulis, Dangiras and Staliūnas, Darius, Lithuanian Nationalism and the Vilnius Question, 1883-1940, (Marburg: Verlag Herder-Institut, 2015)

Senn, Alfred Erich, The Great Powers, Lithuania and the Vilna Question 1920-1928, (Leiden: E. J. Brill, 1966)

Snyder, Timothy, The Reconstruction of Nations: Poland, Ukraine, Lithuania, Belarus, 1569–1999, (New Haven: Yale University Press, 2008)

Leonhardt, Joern. Der Ueberfordete Frieden, (CH Beck, 2018).

Borzecki, Jerzy. The Polish-Soviet Peace of 1921 and the Creation of Interwar Europe, (New Haven and London: Yale University Press, 2008)

Lehnstaedt, Stephan. Der Vergessene Sieg. Der Polnisch-Sowjetische Krieg 1919-1921 und die Entstehung des modernen Osteuropa, (CH Beck, 2019)

Davies, Norman. White Eagle Red Star, (Random House, 2003 (1972))

Böhler, Jochen. Civil War in Central Europe, 1918-1921, (Oxford University Press, 2019)

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»CREDITS
Presented by: Jesse Alexander
Written by: Jesse Alexander
Director: Toni Steller & Florian Wittig
Director of Photography: Toni Steller
Sound: Toni Steller
Editing: Toni Steller
Motion Design: Philipp Appelt
Mixing, Mastering & Sound Design: http://above-zero.com
Maps: Daniel Kogosov (https://www.patreon.com/Zalezsky)
Research by: Mark Newton
Fact checking: Florian Wittig

Channel Design: Yves Thimian

Contains licensed material by getty images
All rights reserved – Real Time History GmbH 2020

From the comments:

The Great War
1 day ago
As you can see and hear we are back in the Emergency Lockdown Studio Also Known As Jesse’s Living Room (ELSAKAJLR™) and we know the sound isn’t ideal. Starting with the next episode, Jesse will have a better mic that should improve things dramatically. Next step we will also make a few more improvements to Jesse’s overall recording setup. Recording TGW episodes remotely while Jesse is in his ELSAKAJLR™ and we are in Berlin is not easy, but that bloody pandemic will not stop us.

October 27, 2020

What Happened 100 Years Ago? – October 1920 I THE GREAT WAR

Filed under: Africa, Americas, Asia, Europe, History, Military — Tags: , — Nicholas @ 04:00

The Great War
Published 26 Oct 2020

It’s time for our monthly summary of the events 100 years ago.

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»CREDITS
Presented by: Jesse Alexander
Written by: Jesse Alexander
Director: Toni Steller & Florian Wittig
Director of Photography: Toni Steller
Sound: Toni Steller
Editing: Toni Steller
Motion Design: Philipp Appelt
Mixing, Mastering & Sound Design: http://above-zero.com
Maps: Daniel Kogosov (https://www.patreon.com/Zalezsky)
Research by: Jesse Alexander
Fact checking: Florian Wittig

Channel Design: Alexander Clark
Original Logo: David van Stephold

Contains licensed material by getty images
All rights reserved – Real Time History GmbH 2020

October 18, 2020

Russian Civil War in Central Asia I THE GREAT WAR 1920

Filed under: Asia, Europe, History, Military, Religion, Russia — Tags: , , , , , — Nicholas @ 06:00

The Great War
Published 17 Oct 2020

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By the fall of 1920, the Russian Civil War had unleashed three years of ethnic and internal conflict in Central Asia, and there was no end in sight. In this episode we’ll catch up on the dramatic events of the former Russian imperial lands in Central Asia from the revolution right up to the end of 1920, 100 years ago.

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» SOURCES
Baumann, Robert F. Russian-Soviet Unconventional Wars in the Caucasus, Central Asia, and Afghanistan, Combat Studies Institute, 2010.

Becker, Seymour. Russia’s Protectorates in Central Asia: Bukhara and Khiva, 1865-1924, RoutledgeCurzon, 2004.

Brower, Daniel R. Turkestan and the Fate of the Russian Empire, Routledge, 2010.

Buttino, M. “Study of the Economic Crisis and Depopulation in Turkestan, 1917–1920”, Central Asian Survey, no. 4, 1990, pp. 59-74, doi:10.1080/02634939008400725.

Campbell, Ian W. Knowledge and the Ends of Empire: Kazak Intermediaries and Russian Rule on the Steppe, 1731-1917, Cornell University Press, 2017.

Everett-Heath, Tom. Central Asia: Aspects of Transition, Routledge, 2003.

Hiro, D. Inside Central Asia, Abrams, 2011.

Keller, Shoshana. Russia and Central Asia: Coexistence, Conquest, Convergence, University of Toronto Press, 2020.

Khalid, A. “Central Asia Between the Ottoman and the Soviet Worlds”, Kritika: Explorations in Russian and Eurasian History, no. 2, 2011, pp. 451-76, doi:10.1353/kri.2011.0028.

Khalid, Adeeb. “The Bukharan People’s Soviet Republic in the Light of Muslim Sources”, Die Welt Des Islams, no. 3, 2010, pp. 335-61, doi:10.1163/157006010×544287.

Khalid, Adeeb. Making Uzbekistan: Nation, Empire, and Revolution in the Early USSR, Cornell University Press, 2019.

Khalid, Adeeb. The Politics of Muslim Cultural Reform: Jadidism in Central Asia, Oxford University Press, 2000.

Loring, B. “‘Colonizers With Party Cards’: Soviet Internal Colonialism in Central Asia, 1917–39”, Kritika: Explorations in Russian and Eurasian History, no. 1, 2014, pp. 77-102, doi:10.1353/kri.2014.0012.

Olcott, M. B. “The Basmachi or Freemen’s Revolt in Turkestan 1918–24”, Soviet Studies, no. 3, 1981, pp. 352-69, doi:10.1080/09668138108411365.

Poujol, Catherine. “Jews and Muslims in Central Asia”, A History of Jewish-Muslim Relations: From the Origins to the Present Day, edited by Abdelwahab Meddeb, Benjamin Stora, Jane Marie Todd and Michael B. Smith, Princeton University Press, Princeton; Oxford, 2013, pp. 258–268.

Sahadeo, Jeff. Russian Colonial Society in Tashkent: 1865-1923, Indiana University Press, 2010.

Sokol, Edward D. The Revolt of 1916 in Russian Central Asia, Johns Hopkins University Press, 2016.

» MORE THE GREAT WAR
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»CREDITS
Presented by: Jesse Alexander
Written by: Jesse Alexander
Director: Toni Steller & Florian Wittig
Director of Photography: Toni Steller
Sound: Toni Steller
Editing: Toni Steller
Motion Design: Philipp Appelt
Mixing, Mastering & Sound Design: http://above-zero.com
Maps: Daniel Kogosov (https://www.patreon.com/Zalezsky)
Research by: Jesse Alexander
Fact checking: Florian Wittig

Channel Design: Yves Thimian
Original Logo: David van Stephold

Contains licensed material by getty images
All rights reserved – Real Time History GmbH 2020

October 1, 2020

Historical Breakdown of A Bridge Too Far – Planning and Failure of Market Garden I RHINELAND 45

Filed under: Britain, Europe, Germany, History, Media, Military, USA, WW2 — Tags: , , , , — Nicholas @ 04:00

The Great War
Published 30 Sep 2020

Support our brand new World War 2 documentary about The Battle of the Rhineland (not to be released on YouTube): https://realtimehistory.net/rhineland45

After last year’s Downfall video (with over 1 million views!) we thought we look at another classic WW2 movie and give you a breakdown about the historical figures and background. Our pick this time: A Bridge Too Far.

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» SOURCES
A. Beevor, Arnhem: The Battle for the Bridges (2018)
B. Horrocks, Escape to Action (1960)
R. Neillands, The Battle for the Rhine 1944 (2005)
Builder, Bankes, Nordin, Command Concepts (1999)
www.pegasusarchive.org
www.nam.ac.uk/explore/market-garden
www.iwm.org.uk/history/the-story-of-operation-market-garden-in-photos

» MORE THE GREAT WAR
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»CREDITS
Presented by: Jesse Alexander
Written by: Jesse Alexander
Director: Toni Steller & Florian Wittig
Director of Photography: Toni Steller
Sound: Toni Steller
Editing: Toni Steller
Motion Design: Philipp Appelt
Mixing, Mastering & Sound Design: http://above-zero.com
Maps: Daniel Kogosov (https://www.patreon.com/Zalezsky)
Research by: Matthew Moss
Fact checking: Florian Wittig

Channel Design: Alexander Clark
Original Logo: David van Stephold

Contains licensed material by getty images
All rights reserved – Real Time History GmbH 2020

From the comments:

The Great War
6 hours ago
Support our brand new World War 2 documentary about The Battle of the Rhineland (not to be released on YouTube): https://realtimehistory.net/rhineland45 *

*We know that some of you don’t like the fact that we upload non-Great War content once in a while. But here are a few fun facts: Last year’s video about THAT scene from Downfall has been one of our most successful videos ever produced. It helped us spreading the word about our crowdfunding campaign last year and it also brought new subscribers to The Great War that hadn’t heard about it. And in the cut-throat world of the YouTube attention economy this is really important for our continued existence. Another “fun” fact: Both this video and the Downfall video were both claimed for copyright violation even though they clearly fall under fair use. We disputed and lost and now there is nothing we can do about the fact that someone else is earning money through our work. Just one of the reasons why it’s increasingly frustrating working with YouTube and why we are exploring other avenues for The Great War and our other projects.

September 27, 2020

Dividing Up The Middle East – The Creation of Lebanon I THE GREAT WAR 1920

Filed under: Britain, France, History, Middle East — Tags: , , , , , , — Nicholas @ 06:00

The Great War
Published 26 Sep 2020

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In the summer of 1920 it became clear that the many different voices and local opinions on the future of the former Ottoman provinces were going to be mostly ignored. France and Britain had their own ideas for the new mandate states in the region.

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» SOURCES
Sicker, Martin. The Middle East in the Twentieth Century (Greenwood Publishing, 2001)

Gontaut-Biron, Roger. Comment la France s’est installée en Syrie (Paris: Plon, 1922). https://archive.org/details/commentla…

Cornwallis, K. Notes on the Middle-East No.4. 1920. File 756/1917 Pt 2-3 “ARAB BULLETIN Nos 66-114” [‎374r] (756/834), British Library: India Office Records and Private Papers, IOR/L/PS/10/658.

Miller, David Hunter. My Diary. At the Conference of Paris. Vol 4. (New York, 1924). https://archive.org/details/MyDiaryAt…

D’Andurain, J. “Gouraud, Henri” in: 1914-1918-online. International Encyclopedia of the First World War, ed. by Ute Daniel, Peter Gatrell, Oliver Janz, Heather Jones, Jennifer Keene, Alan Kramer, and Bill Nasson, issued by Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin 2014-10-08. DOI: 10.15463/ie1418.10303. https://encyclopedia.1914-1918-online…

Naamany, B. “A hundred years since Sykes-Picot, maps’ reading”. General Secretariat of the Arab League. Tunis. Tunisia. 2018. http://nna-leb.gov.lb/en/show-news/98…

Meouchy, N. “Les temps et les territoires de la révolte du Nord (1919-1921).” In: Alep et ses territoires: Fabrique et politique d’une ville (1868-2011). (Beyrouth – Damas: Presses de l’Ifpo, 2014).

Raymond, André. “III – La Syrie, du Royaume arabe à l’indépendance (1914-1946)”. In La Syrie d’aujourd’hui. Aix-en-Provence: Institut de recherches et d’études sur les mondes arabes et musulmans, 1980. (pp. 55-85)

Kouyoumdjian, O. “Le Liban à la veille et au début de la Grande Guerre: Mémoires d’un gouverneur, 1913-1915″. Revue D’histoire Arménienne Contemporaine. Paris: Centre d’histoire arménienne contemporaine. 2003.

Government of New Zealand, Ministry for Culture and Heritage. “Anzac troops take revenge on Arab civilians at Surafend” https://nzhistory.govt.nz/page/anzac-….

Ministère de la Guerre. Etat-major des armées. Service historique. Les armées françaises dans la Grande guerre. Tome IX. 9, 1, ANNEXES. Imprimerie Nationale. Paris. France. 1935.

Australian Imperial Force unit war diaries. 1914-1918 War. Light Horse. Item number: 10/3/47. Title : 3rd Australian Light Horse Brigade. December 1918. AWM4 Class 10 – Light Horse. https://www.awm.gov.au/collection/C13…

» MORE THE GREAT WAR
Website: https://realtimehistory.net
Instagram: https://instagram.com/the_great_war
Twitter: https://twitter.com/WW1_Series
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»CREDITS
Presented by: Jesse Alexander
Written by: Jesse Alexander
Director: Toni Steller & Florian Wittig
Director of Photography: Toni Steller
Sound: Toni Steller
Editing: Toni Steller
Motion Design: Philipp Appelt
Mixing, Mastering & Sound Design: http://above-zero.com
Maps: Daniel Kogosov (https://www.patreon.com/Zalezsky)
Research by: Jesse Alexander
Fact checking: Florian Wittig

Channel Design: Alexander Clark
Original Logo: David van Stephold

Contains licensed material by getty images
All rights reserved – Real Time History GmbH 2020

September 20, 2020

Our World 100 Years Ago – September 1920 I THE GREAT WAR

Filed under: Africa, Britain, Europe, France, History, Japan, USA — Tags: , , , , , , — Nicholas @ 06:00

The Great War
Published 19 Sep 2020

Let’s take a look at our world 100 years ago, in September 1920.

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https://realtimehistory.net/podcast – interviews with World War 1 historians and background info for the show.

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» SOURCES

» MORE THE GREAT WAR
Website: https://realtimehistory.net
Instagram: https://instagram.com/the_great_war
Twitter: https://twitter.com/WW1_Series
Reddit: https://reddit.com/r/TheGreatWarChannel

»CREDITS
Presented by: Jesse Alexander
Written by: Jesse Alexander
Director: Toni Steller & Florian Wittig
Director of Photography: Toni Steller
Sound: Toni Steller
Editing: Toni Steller
Motion Design: Philipp Appelt
Mixing, Mastering & Sound Design: http://above-zero.com
Maps: Daniel Kogosov (https://www.patreon.com/Zalezsky)
Research by: Jesse Alexander
Fact checking: Florian Wittig

Channel Design: Alexander Clark
Original Logo: David van Stephold

Contains licensed material by getty images
All rights reserved – Real Time History GmbH 2020

September 13, 2020

Irish War of Independence – WW1 Veterans In A New Battle I THE GREAT WAR 1920

Filed under: Britain, Government, History, Military, Religion — Tags: , , , , , , , — Nicholas @ 06:00

The Great War
Published 12 Sep 2020

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The conflict between the Irish independence movement and the UK government had been heating up since 1919. The summer of 1920 brought a new level of escalation with the arrival of the the Auxiliary Division of the Royal Irish Constabulary. Former veterans of the First World War were brought in to quell the rebellion and get hold of the strongholds controlled by the IRA.

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» SOURCES
Hart, Peter: The IRA and Its Enemies (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1998)

Harvey, A.D: “Who Were the Auxiliaries?” The Historical Journal, Vol. 35, No. 3 (Sep. 1992)

Hopkinson, Michael: The Irish War of Independence (Montreal & Kingston: McGill-Queen’s University Press, 2002)

Leeson, David: The Black and Tans: British Police and Auxiliaries in the Irish War of Independence, 1920-1921 (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2011)

McMahon, Sean: The War of Independence (Cork: Mercier Press, 2019)

O’Brien, Paul: Havoc: The Auxiliaries in Ireland’s War of Independence (Cork: Collins Press, 2017)

Riddell, George: Lord Riddell’s Intimate Diary of the Peace Conference and After: 1918-1923 (London: Victor Gollancz Ltd, 1933)

Roxbourgh, Ian: “The Military: The Mutual Determination of Strategy in Ireland, 1912-1921” in Duyvendak, Jan Willem & Jasper, James M. (eds) Breaking Down the State: Protesters Engaged (Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press, 2015)

Townshend, Charles: The Republic: The Fight for Irish Independence 1918-1923 (London: Penguin Books, 2014)

“Tubbercurry”, Manchester Guardian, 4 October 1920.

Hugh Martin: “‘Black and Tan’ Force a Failure”, Daily News, 4 October 1920.

» MORE THE GREAT WAR
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»CREDITS
Presented by: Jesse Alexander
Written by: Jesse Alexander
Director: Toni Steller & Florian Wittig
Director of Photography: Toni Steller
Sound: Toni Steller
Editing: Toni Steller
Motion Design: Philipp Appelt
Mixing, Mastering & Sound Design: http://above-zero.com
Maps: Daniel Kogosov (https://www.patreon.com/Zalezsky)
Research by: Jesse Alexander
Fact checking: Florian Wittig

Channel Design: Alexander Clark
Original Logo: David van Stephold

Contains licensed material by getty images
All rights reserved – Real Time History GmbH 2020

August 30, 2020

Battle of Warsaw – Turning Point of Polish-Soviet War I THE GREAT WAR 1920

Filed under: Europe, History, Military, Russia — Tags: , , , , — Nicholas @ 06:00

The Great War
Published 29 Aug 2020

Sign up for Curiosity Stream and get Nebula bundled in: https://curiositystream.com/thegreatwar

In the summer of 1920 the new Poland under Josef Pilsudksi stood with their backs to Warsaw against the Red Army. The Bolsheviks had advanced in the North and in the South and some of the Soviet leadership wanted to carry the revolution into Western Europe.

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*Buying via this link supports The Great War (Affiliate-Link)

» SOURCES
Borzecki, Jerzy. The Polish-Soviet Peace of 1921 and the Creation of Interwar Europe (New Haven and London: Yale University Press, 2008)
Engelstein, Laura. Russia in Flames (Oxford University Press, 2017).
Lehnstaedt, Stephan. Der Vergessene Sieg. Der Polnisch-Sowjetische Krieg 1919-1921 und die Entstehung des modernen Osteuropa (CH Beck, 2019)
Davies, Norman. White Eagle Red Star (Random House, 2003 (1972)
Böhler, Jochen. Civil War in Central Europe, 1918-1921 (Oxford University Press, 2019)
Hux Reed, Vivian, ed. An American in Warsaw (University of Rochester Press, 2018)

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Presented by: Jesse Alexander
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August 16, 2020

Greco-Turkish War – Treaty of Sèvres I THE GREAT WAR 1920

Filed under: Britain, Europe, France, Greece, History, Italy, Military, Russia, WW1 — Tags: , , , , , — Nicholas @ 06:00

The Great War
Published 15 Aug 2020

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While the Greco-Turkish War was still raging, the last of the peace treaties between the Allies and the Central Powers was finalized in Paris. But the Turkish Nationalist Movement under Mustafa Kemal would not accept the terms of the Treaty of Sèvres – even though the Ottoman government had signed it.

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» SOURCES
Halide Edib Adivar, The Turkish Ordeal: Being the Further Memoirs of Halidé Edib, (Piscataway: Gorgias Press, 2012)

John Darwin, Britain, Egypt and the Middle East, (London: Macmillan Press, 1981)

M.L. Dockrill and J. D. Goold, Peace Without Promise: Britain and the Peace Conferences, 1919-1923, (Connecticut: Hamden, 1981)

T G Fraser, Andrew Mango and Robert McNamara, The Makers of the Modern Middle East, (London: Gingko Library, 2015)

Phillip S Jowett, “Armies of the Greek-Turkish War: 1919-1922”, Men at Arms, no 501, (2015)

Michael Llewellyn Smith, Ionian Vision: Greece in Asia Minor 1919-1922, (London: Allen Lane, 1973)

Margaret Macmillan, Paris 1919: Six Months That Changed the World, (London: Macmillan, 2019)

A.E. Montgomery, “The Making of the Treaty of Sèvres of 10 August 1920”, The Historical Journal Vol. 15, No. 4 (December, 1972)

New York Times, “Turk Nationalists Capture Beicos” (July 6, 1920) https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/time…

George Riddell, Lord Riddell’s Intimate Diary of the Peace Conference and After: 1918-1923, (London: Victor Gollancz Ltd, 1933)

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July 26, 2020

French War In Syria – British War Against The Iraqi Revolution I THE GREAT WAR 1920

Filed under: Britain, France, History, Middle East, Military — Tags: , , , , , — Nicholas @ 06:00

The Great War
Published 25 Jul 2020

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The French and British colonial powers had their own plans on how to rule the Middle East after the costly campaigns of World War 1. National self-determination for the different groups in Syria, Iraq, Palestine and Arabia were not part of these plans. And so in the summer of 1920 the situation in Iraq and Syria escalated and the French-Syrian War and the Iraqi Revolt broke out.

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» SOURCES
Kadhim, Abbas. Reclaiming Iraq: the 1920 revolution and the founding of the modern state (U of Texas Press, 2012).
Allawi, Ali. Faisal I of Iraq (Yale University Press, 2014).
Fromkin, David. A Peace to End All Peace (Macmillan, 2009 [1989]).
Naaman, Abdullah. Le Liban: histoire d’une nation inachevée.
Karsh, Efraim & Karsh, Inari. Empires of the Sand: The Struggle for Mastery in the Middle East 1789-1923, (Cambridge, MA : Harvard University Press, 1999)

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Presented by: Jesse Alexander
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July 13, 2020

German-Polish Proxy War In Silesia – French Troops On The Rhine I THE GREAT WAR 1920

Filed under: France, Germany, History, Military — Tags: , , , , — Nicholas @ 06:00

The Great War
Published 11 Jul 2020

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The summer of 1920 was marked by escalating tensions on the borders of the German Reich. In the Rhineland, a neutral zone per the Versailles Treaty, the revolutionary uprising after the failed Kapp Putsch was put down with the help of the army and the Freikorps. In Upper Silesia, the conflict between Poland and Germany was escalating into a proxy war. And all that while the German government was negotiating the payments of reparations at the Spa Conference.

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» SOURCES
Buat, Edmond. 8 (Perrin, 2015)
Beaupré, Nicolas. Occuper l’Allemagne après 1918 (Revue historique des armées, 2009)
Böhler, Jochen. Civil War in Central Europe, 1918-1921 (Oxford University Press, 2019)
Gietinger, Klaus. Kapp-Putsch (Stuttgart: Schmetterling, 2020)
le Naour, Jean Yves. La Honte Noire (Hachette, 2004)
Le Figaro, numéro du 8 avril 1920 (via Gallica)
Stengers, Jean. L’accord militaire franco-belge de 1920 et le Luxembourg (Revue belge de de Philologie et d’Histoire, 2004)
https://www.dhm.de/lemo/jahreschronik…
Pöppinghege, Rainer: Republik im Bürgerkrieg. Kapp-Putsch und Gegenbewegung an Ruhr und Lippe 1919/1920 (2019)
van Galen Last, Dick. Des soldats noirs dans une guerre de blancs (1914-1922): une histoire mondiale (Editions de l’Université de Bruxelles, 2015)

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»CREDITS
Presented by: Jesse Alexander
Written by: Jesse Alexander
Director: Toni Steller & Florian Wittig
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Mixing, Mastering & Sound Design: http://above-zero.com
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June 28, 2020

The Peasants Rise Up Against The Bolsheviks – The Russian Civil War(s) 1920 I THE GREAT WAR 1920

Filed under: History, Military, Russia — Tags: , , , , — Nicholas @ 09:30

The Great War
Published 27 Jun 2020

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Freeing peasants and workers from oppression was one of the main messages of the Bolsheviks. The peasants in the countryside were happy to get rid of the landowning class and supported socialist ideas of land reform but once the Bolsheviks turned to “War Communism” to maintain their power against the Whites and other forces, the reluctant support of the peasants dropped — and in 1920 they turned to open revolt.

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» SOURCES
Figes, Orlando. A People’s Tragedy. The Russian Revolution (London: The Bodley Head, 2017 [1996]).
Mawdsley, Evan. The Russian Civil War (New York: Pegasus Books, 2005).
Smele, Jonathan. The “Russian” Civil Wars 1916-1926 (London: Hurst, 2015).
Sumpf, Alexandre. “Russian Civil War,” in 1914-1918 online. International Encyclopedia of the First World War. https://encyclopedia.1914-1918-online.
Engelstein, Laura. Russia in Flames (Oxford University Press, 2017).
Wolf, Eric R. Peasant Wars of the Twentieth Century (New York: Harper, 1969)

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June 14, 2020

The Treaty of Trianon – The Most Controversial of the Peace Treaties I THE GREAT WAR 1920

Filed under: Britain, Europe, France, History, Italy, Military, WW1 — Tags: , , , , , , , — Nicholas @ 04:00

The Great War
Published 13 Jun 2020

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The last of the big peace treaties signed in Paris that finalized the borders in Europe was the Treaty of Trianon. Even at the time, Hungarians considered it a historic injustice while nations such as Czechoslovakia, Romania and Yugoslavia were quite happy with the result. We examine how the treaty was signed and negotiated.

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» SOURCES
Isaiah Bowman, The New World-Problems in Political Geography, (Yonkers-on-Hudson: World Book Company, 1921)

Francis Deák & Dezsó Ujváry, Paper and Documents Relating to the Foreign Relations of Hungary, Volume 1; 1919-1920, (Budapest: Royal Hungarian Ministry of Foreign Affairs, 1939)

Conan Fischer, Europe between democracy and dictatorship, 1900-1945, (Chichester: Malden, MA: Wiley-Blackwell, 2011)

Mike Gyula (ed.), Magyar Statisztikai Zsebkönyv, 1940 [Hungarian Statistical Pocket Book 1940], (Központi Statisztikai Hivatal: Budapest, 1940)

Róbert Győri & Charles W.J. Withers, “Trianon and its aftermath: British geography and
the ‘dismemberment’ of Hungary, c.1915-c.1922”, Scottish Geographical Journal, 135:1-2 (2019)

Michael Károlyi, Memoirs of Michael Károlyi: Faith Without Illusion (London: Jonathan Cape, 1956)

Jörn Leonhard, Der überforderte Frieden: Versailles und die Welt 1918-1923, (Bonn: bpp, Bundeszentrale für Politische Bildung, 2019)

C.A. Macartney, Hungary and her successors: the treaty of Trianon and its consequences 1919-1937, (London: Oxford University Press, 1937)

Margaret MacMillan, Paris 1919: Six Months That Changed the World, (London: Macmillan, 2019)

Arnold Suppan, The Imperialist Peace Order in Central Europe: Saint-Germain and Trianon, 1919–1920, (Vienna: Austrian Academy of Sciences Press, 2019)

Miklós Zeidler; Thomas J. DeKornfeld; Helen DeKornfeld, “Ideas on Territorial Revision in Hungary, 1920-1945”, East European Monographs, 717, (2010)
Miklós Zeidler, Trianon, (Budapest, Osiris, 2003.)

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