{"id":90552,"date":"2024-07-20T03:00:40","date_gmt":"2024-07-20T07:00:40","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/quotulatiousness.ca\/blog\/?p=90552"},"modified":"2024-07-19T17:35:47","modified_gmt":"2024-07-19T21:35:47","slug":"counting-citation-numbers-in-chomskys","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/quotulatiousness.ca\/blog\/2024\/07\/20\/counting-citation-numbers-in-chomskys\/","title":{"rendered":"Counting citation numbers in &#8220;Chomskys&#8221;"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>The latest <a href=\"https:\/\/www.astralcodexten.com\/p\/your-book-review-how-language-began\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">anonymous reviewer<\/a> in <em>Astral Codex Ten<\/em>&#8216;s &#8220;Your Book Review&#8221; series considers the work of Noam Chomsky, and notes just how his works dominate the field of linguistics:<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_90553\" style=\"width: 490px\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\"><a href=\"https:\/\/quotulatiousness.ca\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Noam-Chomsky-2017-Wikimedia-Commons.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-90553\" style=\"float:right; padding: 0px 0px 10px 25px\" src=\"https:\/\/quotulatiousness.ca\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Noam-Chomsky-2017-Wikimedia-Commons-480x597.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"480\" height=\"597\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-90553\" srcset=\"https:\/\/quotulatiousness.ca\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Noam-Chomsky-2017-Wikimedia-Commons-480x597.jpg 480w, https:\/\/quotulatiousness.ca\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Noam-Chomsky-2017-Wikimedia-Commons-121x150.jpg 121w, https:\/\/quotulatiousness.ca\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Noam-Chomsky-2017-Wikimedia-Commons.jpg 482w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 480px) 100vw, 480px\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-90553\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Noam Chomsky speaks about humanity&#8217;s prospects for survival in Amherst, Massachusetts, United States on 13 April 2017.<br \/>Original photo by \u03a3, retouched by Wugapodes via Wikimedia Commons.<\/p><\/div>\n<blockquote><p>You may have heard of a field known as &#8220;linguistics&#8221;. Linguistics is supposedly the &#8220;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Linguistics\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">scientific study of language<\/a>&#8220;, but this is completely wrong. To borrow a phrase from <a href=\"https:\/\/slatestarcodex.com\/2016\/04\/04\/the-ideology-is-not-the-movement\/\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">elsewhere<\/a>, linguists are those who believe Noam Chomsky is the rightful caliph. Linguistics is what linguists study.<\/p>\n<p>I&#8217;m only half-joking, because Chomsky&#8217;s impact on the study of language is hard to overstate. Consider the number of times his books and papers have been cited, a crude measure of influence that we can use to get a sense of this. At the current time, his <a href=\"https:\/\/scholar.google.com\/citations?user=rbgNVw0AAAAJ&#038;hl=en\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Google Scholar page<\/a> says he&#8217;s been cited over 500,000 times. That&#8217;s a lot. <\/p>\n<p>It isn&#8217;t atypical for a hard-working professor at a top-ranked institution to, after a career&#8217;s worth of work and many people helping them do research and write papers, have maybe 20,000 citations (= 0.04 Chomskys). Generational talents do better, but usually not by more than a factor of 5 or so. Consider a few more citation counts:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Computer scientist Alan Turing (65,000 = 0.13 Chomskys)<\/li>\n<li>Neuro \/ cogsci \/ AI researcher Matthew Botvinick (83,000 = 0.17 Chomskys)<\/li>\n<li>Mathematician Terence Tao (96,000 = 0.19 Chomskys)<\/li>\n<li>Cognitive scientist Joshua Tenenbaum (107,000 = 0.21 Chomskys)<\/li>\n<li>Nobel-Prize-winning physicist Richard Feynman (120,000 = 0.24 Chomskys)<\/li>\n<li>Psychologist and linguist Steven Pinker (123,000 = 0.25 Chomskys)<\/li>\n<li>Two-time Nobel Prize winner Linus Pauling (128,000 = 0.26 Chomskys)<\/li>\n<li>Neuroscientist Karl Deisseroth (143,000 = 0.29 Chomskys)<\/li>\n<li>Biologist Charles Darwin (182,000 = 0.36 Chomskys)<\/li>\n<li>Theoretical physicist Ed Witten (250,000 = 0.50 Chomskys)<\/li>\n<li>AI researcher Yann LeCun (352,000 = 0.70 Chomskys)<\/li>\n<li>Historian and philosopher Hannah Arendt (359,000 = 0.72 Chomskys)<\/li>\n<li>Karl Marx (458,000 = 0.92 Chomskys)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Yes, fields vary in ways that make these comparisons not necessarily fair: fields have different numbers of people, citation practices vary, and so on. There is also probably a considerable recency bias; for example, most biologists don&#8217;t cite Darwin every time they write a paper whose content relates to evolution. But 500,000 is still a mind-bogglingly huge number. <\/p>\n<p>Not many academics do better than Chomsky citation-wise. But there are a few, and you can probably guess why:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Human-Genome-Project-associated scientist Eric Lander (685,000 = 1.37 Chomskys)<\/li>\n<li>AI researcher Yoshua Bengio (780,000 = 1.56 Chomskys)<\/li>\n<li>AI researcher Geoff Hinton (800,000 = 1.60 Chomskys)<\/li>\n<li>Philosopher and historian Michel Foucault (1,361,000 = 2.72 Chomskys)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&#8230;well, okay, maybe I don&#8217;t entirely get Foucault&#8217;s number. Every humanities person must have an altar of him by their bedside or something. <\/p>\n<p>Chomsky has been called &#8220;arguably the most important intellectual alive today&#8221; in a New York Times review of one of his books, and was voted the world&#8217;s top public intellectual in a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.infoplease.com\/culture-entertainment\/prospectfp-top-100-public-intellectuals\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">2005<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2005\/oct\/18\/books.highereducation\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">poll<\/a>. He&#8217;s the kind of guy that gets long and gushing introductions before his talks (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=PTuawY8Qnz8\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">this one<\/a> is nearly twenty minutes long). All of this is just to say: he&#8217;s kind of a big deal.<\/p>\n<p>[&#8230;]<\/p>\n<p>Since around 1957, Chomsky has dominated linguistics. And this matters because he is kind of a contrarian with weird ideas.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The latest anonymous reviewer in Astral Codex Ten&#8216;s &#8220;Your Book Review&#8221; series considers the work of Noam Chomsky, and notes just how his works dominate the field of linguistics: You may have heard of a field known as &#8220;linguistics&#8221;. Linguistics is supposedly the &#8220;scientific study of language&#8220;, but this is completely wrong. To borrow a [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[32,79],"tags":[86,400,513],"class_list":["post-90552","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-books","category-education","tag-criticism","tag-language","tag-research"],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/p2hpV6-nyw","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/quotulatiousness.ca\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/90552","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/quotulatiousness.ca\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/quotulatiousness.ca\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/quotulatiousness.ca\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/quotulatiousness.ca\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=90552"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/quotulatiousness.ca\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/90552\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":90554,"href":"https:\/\/quotulatiousness.ca\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/90552\/revisions\/90554"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/quotulatiousness.ca\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=90552"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/quotulatiousness.ca\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=90552"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/quotulatiousness.ca\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=90552"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}